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Pending home sales dropped during January, according to new data from the National Association of Realtors (NAR).

The Pending Home Sales Index (PHSI), NAR’s forward-looking indicator of home sales based on contract signings, tumbled by 4.6% to 70.6 in January, an all-time low; an index of 100 is equal to the level of contract activity in 2001. Year-over-year, pending transactions declined 5.2%.

The Midwest, South and West experienced month-over-month declines while the Northeast saw a modest gain. Year-over-year, contract signings lowered in all four regions. The South recorded the worst performances, with its PHSI plummeted 9.2% to 81.0, down 8.8% from one year earlier.

“It is unclear if the coldest January in 25 years contributed to fewer buyers in the market, and if so, expect greater sales activity in upcoming months,” said NAR Chief Economist Lawrence Yun. “However, it’s evident that elevated home prices and higher mortgage rates strained affordability. Even a slight reduction in mortgage rates will likely ignite buyer interest, given rising incomes, increased jobs and more inventory choices.”