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As the 2024 presidential race progresses, housing policy has emerged as a pivotal focus for real estate professionals and industry stakeholders. Kamala Harris and Donald Trump offer contrasting frameworks to address the pressing challenges of housing affordability, homeownership, and supply shortages. While both aim to alleviate the housing crisis, their policy scopes and strategies diverge significantly. Harris advocates for government intervention through subsidies and regulations, while Trump emphasizes deregulation and market-driven solutions. These differing approaches present varied potential impacts on the real estate sector and broader housing market dynamics.

Kamala Harris’s Housing Proposal

Kamala Harris’s 2024 economic plan, particularly her housing policies, builds upon and extends many of the Biden administration’s initiatives, but with a greater emphasis on large-scale reform. While both plans address housing affordability, Harris significantly expands the scope of intervention, proposing a more aggressive approach to supply shortages by advocating the construction of 3 million new homes. Additionally, she focuses on improving access to homeownership for first-time buyers through substantial subsidies. Her policy also targets corporate landlords, aiming to curb their influence in rental markets and limit rising costs for renters. These measures signal a broader, government-led reshaping of the housing market, with long-term implications for both supply and affordability. Harris’s proposal reflects a belief that without systemic intervention, the current housing crisis will only deepen, especially for lower- and middle-income Americans.

Key Aspects of Harris’s Housing Policy:

  1. Construction of 3 Million New Homes: Harris proposes a massive construction initiative aimed at building 3 million new housing units to alleviate the severe shortage of homes in the U.S. This effort is designed to reduce the supply-demand imbalance, a root cause of rising housing costs. Harris plans to offer tax incentives to developers focused on building starter homes, an area often overlooked by private builders due to lower profitability​.
  2. First-Time Homebuyer Credit: One of the cornerstones of Harris’s housing policy is the introduction of a $25,000 subsidy for first-time homebuyers. This subsidy, larger than President Biden’s earlier proposal, aims to reduce barriers to homeownership for younger Americans and middle-class families struggling to save for down payments​. The goal is to increase access to homeownership for those traditionally locked out due to financial constraints.
  3. Corporate Crackdown on Renters: Harris targets large corporate landlords and investors who, she claims, have contributed to the surge in rental prices by monopolizing the rental market. She seeks to limit the acquisition of residential properties by institutional investors to prevent market manipulation and ensure individual buyers face less competition.
  4. Reduction of Red Tape: A key aspect of Harris’s housing plan includes reducing bureaucratic delays in housing construction by cutting down on zoning restrictions and lengthy permitting processes. Harris believes that by expediting the construction of new homes, housing costs will stabilize as supply increases​.
  5. Rental Market Reforms: In addition to homeownership initiatives, Harris proposes aggressive reforms to protect renters. She has called for investigations into algorithms used by rental companies that allegedly “collude” to set higher rental prices across markets. Additionally, Harris plans to introduce federal protections against rent hikes and curb price-gouging practices​.

Donald Trump’s Housing Proposal

Donald Trump’s approach to the housing crisis is grounded in free-market principles and a belief in limited government intervention. His strategy focuses on reducing regulations and federal control to encourage private-sector investment and economic growth. By cutting red tape, particularly in zoning and environmental regulations, Trump aims to lower the barriers for developers to build more homes, thus increasing housing supply. Unlike Harris’s government-led initiatives, Trump’s approach emphasizes that an expanding economy and market freedom will naturally lead to higher homeownership rates without the need for direct subsidies or large-scale government programs. His plan hinges on the idea that economic growth, fueled by deregulation, will give individuals the financial capacity to purchase homes, promoting a self-sustaining housing market. This laissez-faire perspective assumes that the private sector, if unencumbered, can more efficiently address housing shortages and affordability issues.

Key Aspects of Trump’s Housing Policy:

  1. Deregulation and Free Market Solutions: Trump’s housing policy centers on the belief that deregulating markets will stimulate private-sector growth, increasing the supply of homes organically. By reducing zoning laws and allowing developers more freedom, Trump hopes to accelerate the construction of new homes and rental units without extensive government subsidies or involvement​.
  2. Tax Cuts for Homebuyers and Developers: Trump’s housing policy revolves around leveraging the power of the private sector through targeted tax relief. By extending tax cuts for both developers and homebuyers, he aims to reduce the financial burden on builders, encouraging more residential developments, especially in areas facing housing shortages. These tax incentives for homebuilders are designed to stimulate construction without direct government intervention. Trump’s underlying belief is that the private sector, when incentivized appropriately, will efficiently address the housing crisis, increase supply, and ultimately make homeownership more affordable for buyers, especially middle-class Americans. This approach contrasts with heavily regulated, government-led initiatives, as it prioritizes market-driven growth over federal programs.
  3. Boosting Homeownership Through Jobs and Economic Growth: Rather than focusing on direct subsidies for homebuyers, Trump’s housing platform emphasizes the importance of overall economic growth and job creation. The Trump campaign argues that homeownership increases when the economy is robust, wages are high, and inflation is kept under control. By fostering job growth through deregulation, tax reform, and reducing government spending, Trump believes homeownership will naturally rise as more Americans will have the financial means to purchase homes​.
  4. Focus on Local Control Over Housing Policy: Trump has expressed skepticism toward federal involvement in local housing issues and advocates for giving states and municipalities more power in determining zoning and construction regulations. He argues that local governments are better equipped to handle their unique housing challenges without interference from Washington, D.C.​
  5. Opposition to Rent Control and Market Interference: Trump’s administration has historically opposed any form of rent control or direct market intervention, believing such policies lead to decreased investments in housing and deteriorate overall market conditions. His focus remains on keeping housing markets as free as possible from government mandates​.

The divergence between Kamala Harris’s and Donald Trump’s housing policies presents two fundamentally different approaches to solving the nation’s housing crisis. Kamala Harris’s vision is predicated on robust government intervention, with a focus on direct relief for renters and first-time buyers, increased housing subsidies, and stricter regulatory oversight of developers and large corporate landlords. Her goal is to stimulate affordable housing construction while curbing corporate practices that contribute to rising costs. This approach reflects a belief that market failures have exacerbated housing shortages and unaffordability, requiring federal action to restore balance.

Harris’s policy addresses several layers of the housing crisis. By offering $25,000 in down payment assistance, she targets first-time buyers who are priced out of the market, addressing homeownership barriers for middle-class and lower-income Americans. This subsidy is part of a broader strategy to improve affordability, especially for younger buyers and minorities historically excluded from homeownership. Her plan also focuses on reducing the power of institutional investors, who, according to her, distort the market by purchasing large numbers of homes, driving up prices, and leaving fewer affordable options for individual buyers. Harris’s regulatory stance reflects a commitment to rebalancing the housing market by restricting predatory practices in the rental sector, enforcing stricter controls over rent increases, and ensuring large-scale corporate landlords are held accountable for exacerbating affordability problems.

Furthermore, Harris’s proposals aim to tackle the housing shortage through large-scale construction projects, particularly focusing on affordable units. By offering tax incentives and removing bureaucratic obstacles to developers willing to build starter homes, she seeks to stimulate construction in areas that have lagged due to financial unattractiveness for private builders. Her plan includes reducing zoning restrictions and expediting building permits, which could lead to a significant increase in supply, especially in high-demand areas.

However, the heavy reliance on government intervention raises questions about scalability and potential unintended consequences. Large-scale subsidies, regulatory oversight, and restrictions on private investors could create a more affordable housing environment but may also deter private capital from entering the market if profitability decreases. Additionally, while the emphasis on constructing affordable homes is necessary, the timeline for such projects could delay relief for renters and buyers facing immediate pressures from rising prices. Harris’s approach fundamentally argues that the market alone cannot rectify current imbalances and that comprehensive federal action is required to both stabilize and transform the housing landscape.

This presents a sharp contrast to Trump’s market-driven approach, which avoids federal intervention and believes in the power of economic growth and deregulation to resolve housing challenges. While Trump places trust in the private sector to respond to supply and demand needs, Harris’s proposals suggest that unchecked market forces have failed to deliver affordable housing and equitable opportunities, necessitating stronger federal oversight.

In contrast to Harris’s government-focused approach, Donald Trump’s housing plan is built on the belief that minimal government intervention, paired with economic growth, will naturally resolve the affordability and supply challenges facing the housing market. Trump advocates for a laissez-faire philosophy, emphasizing deregulation, particularly around zoning laws, and reducing the regulatory burden on developers. By removing federal restrictions and fostering an environment where the private sector is free to operate with fewer constraints, Trump argues that the market will efficiently adjust, leading to increased housing production and more competitive pricing.

Trump’s focus on economic growth as the primary solution to the housing crisis stems from the idea that a thriving economy will empower individuals with higher wages, better jobs, and greater purchasing power, ultimately increasing homeownership. His housing proposals, though less specific than Harris’s, suggest that a robust, deregulated market encourages private developers to invest in construction projects, which would alleviate the housing shortage over time. Tax incentives for homebuilders and cuts to business taxes are key components of his strategy, aimed at making the housing sector more attractive to investors, thereby increasing supply.

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Trump’s approach also reflects a fundamental skepticism toward the government’s role in managing the housing market. Rather than imposing restrictions on developers or regulating the rental market, Trump’s plan prioritizes allowing the market to self-correct through supply and demand dynamics. His administration contends that government intervention often distorts market mechanisms and stifles innovation. By removing barriers, Trump believes developers will be more inclined to build not just luxury homes but also affordable housing to meet the demands of middle-class families.

However, the laissez-faire approach also presents challenges. Relying on the private sector assumes that developers will prioritize building affordable homes, but market forces often incentivize the construction of high-profit luxury units instead. Additionally, Trump’s plan does not directly address the rising influence of corporate investors in the housing market, which some argue has contributed to driving up housing prices and limiting availability for individual buyers. The absence of direct renter protections or first-time buyer assistance also raises concerns about whether this approach would sufficiently address the immediate needs of those struggling to afford housing in a highly competitive market.

In summary, Trump’s plan is fundamentally market-driven, reflecting a belief in the efficiency of private enterprise and economic growth to solve housing challenges. His policies emphasize deregulation and reduced federal oversight, positioning the private sector as the engine for growth in the housing market. However, the effectiveness of this approach in addressing affordability and supply issues, particularly for low- and middle-income households, remains a point of debate within the broader policy discussion.

For real estate professionals, the key consideration is how each plan will affect both the housing market and their clients. Harris’s policies could bring in more homebuyers, particularly younger or first-time buyers who would benefit from subsidies and housing market reforms. However, there may also be increased regulations and scrutiny on developers and landlords. Trump’s policies may appeal more to developers and real estate investors who prefer fewer regulations, though his lack of direct assistance to homebuyers may not do much to alleviate the current affordability crisis in the short term.

The choice between these two housing philosophies comes down to a fundamental debate: should the government take an active role in reshaping the housing market, or should the private sector be trusted to resolve housing challenges on its own? Harris’s plan offers immediate relief through subsidies and regulatory reforms aimed at controlling corporate influence and promoting affordable housing, while Trump’s vision relies on economic growth, reduced regulations, and free-market solutions to address long-term supply and affordability challenges. Both approaches will shape the future of the housing market in profoundly different ways, and the real estate industry must be prepared to navigate the implications of whichever path prevails in 2024.

John G. Stevens is the publisher of Weekly Real Estate News

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